Heating apparatus



(No Model.)

- 3 `Sheets- Sl1eet 1. J. N. 8v E. N. GATES.

HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 482,679. Patented Sept. 13, 1892.

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(No Model.)

' y a sheets-sheet 2, J. N. 8U E. N. GATES.

HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 482,679. Patented Sept. 13, 1892.

IM- i i l f 4N WITNEiEr-:E: INVENTEIHS (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. NI A E. N. GATES.

" HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 482,679. M Patented sept. 1s, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN N. GATES, OF HOLYOKE, AND EUGENE N. GATES, OF FITCHBURG, ASSIGNORSTO THE E. N. GATES HEATING COMPANY, OF BOSTON,

MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 482,679, datedSeptember 13, 1892.

Application filed May 6.1892. Serial No. 432,012. (No model.) Patentedin Canada J'une 25, 1892, No. 39,213.

T0 LZZ whom i?? may concern,.-

Be it known that We, JOHN N. GATES, of Holyoke, in the county ofHampden, and EU- GENE N. GATES, of Fitchburg, in the county ofWorcester, both in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, (for which We havereceived a Canadian patent, No. 39,213, dated June 25, 1892,) of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to heating apparatus using hot Water or steamcirculated through a system of pipes and radiators from a heatercommunicating With the circulating-pipes.

The invention has for its object, first, to provide a heater in whichthe heat-absorbing surfaces of the Water-containing chambers or spacesthat are exposed to the heat in the furnace or fire-box shall bearranged so that all parts of said surfaces shall be subjected to thesame degree to the heat and products of combustion from the lire and tothe direct action of the heat and products of combustion Withoutcovering or Ashading any considerable part of the heat-absorbingsurfaces, and thus preventing the direct action of the fire upon them.

Theinvention also has for its object to so arrange the exposed surfacesof the Waterchambers that accumulations of carbon in the form of sootwill drop therefrom into the tire by gravitation.

Theinvention also has for its object to cause more perfect and completecombustion of the gases liberated from the fuel while in contact withthe heat-absorbing surfaces.

The invention also has for its object to provide certain improvements inthe construction of a heater composed of sections, each comprising awater-receptacle having heatabsorbing surfaces exposed to the fire, andto provide certain improvements in the construction of the ash-pitsection or base which supports the said sectional chambers.

To these ends the invention consists 1n the improvements which We willnow proceed to describe and claim.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure1 represents a perspective view of a heater embodying our improvements.Fig. 2 represents a section on line 2 2, Fig. 5. Fig. 3 represents aperspective View of the side portions of the ashpit or base. Fig. 4represents a section on line 4 11, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents a sectionon line 5 5, Fig. 2, and a plan view of the parts below said line. Fig.6 represents a section on line 6 6, Fig. 2. Fig. 7 represents aperspective View of one of the Water-heating sections and a portion ofthe base or ash-pit Wall. Fig. 8 represents a section on line 8 8, Fig.7. Fig. 9 represents a section on line 9 9*, Fig. 7. Figs. 10,11,12,-and 13 represent modifications in the construction of theheating-sections.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the gures.

In carrying out our invention We construct a water-heater in a number ofsections a, each of which is connected with dow-pipes a', arranged toconduct the heated Water or steam to a radiator, and return-pipes a2,arranged to return the Water to the section after it has performed itsoflice. The form of the sections may be variously modified, but thedistinguishing feature of each is the inclined sides or surfaces whichit presents to the heat and products of combustion over the fire-box b,the external or heat-absorbing surfaces of each section being arrangedat an angle from a vertical line, the angles being such that the upperpart of each surface overhangs the lower part, so that all parts of eachsurface are exposed alike to the heat radiated from the ire, there beingno heat-absorbing surface which isin the shadow of any otherheatabsorbing surface. The chief advantages resulting from thisconstruction are as follows: iirst, the thorough utilization of the heatby direct radiation from the fire upon practically all parts of theheat-absorbing surfaces; second, the cleaning of said surfaces fromaccumulations of soot, &c., by gravitation, the

inclination of the heat-absorbing surfaces being such that the soot willdrop therefrom by its own Weight Without accumulating to any materialextent, thus reducing to the minimum the labor required in keeping theheat-absorbing surfaces clean; third, the formation of tapering tlues orspaces between the sections,said lues being of gradually-decreasingWidth from the lower to the upper ends of the sections. We find thattapering flues, ex-

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tending in a substantially vertical direction from the tire upwardly andpresenting walls the upper ends of which overhang the lower facilitatethe combustion of the gases, and that the combustion continuesthroughout the entire length of such flues. Vhen the flues or passagesthrough which the gases pass from the fire between the heat-absorbingsurfaces are of uniform width and are not tapered or gradually decreasedin width as they recede from the ire, the combustion of the gases ceasesin the lower portions of the lines and before the gases have extendedalong the entire length thereof, so that there is no combustion of thegases in the upper portion of the flues, the result being a waste orloss of heating power, which is obviated by our im'- proved arrangement.

The preferred form of the sections a is shown inlFigs.1 to 9,eachsection comprising a substantially vertical casing 12, a substantiallyhorizontal portion 13, connected to the portion 12 by acurvedcontinuation 14, anda wing portion 15, projecting laterallyfrom theportion 12. The portions 12, 13, and 14 have parallel sides, so thatwhen assembled, as shown in Figs. 1 4, 5, and 6, they form the sides andtop of the main body of the heater, each of the horizontal portions 13being of such length as to extend half-way across the top of the heater,and provided at its end with the offset 13, formed by makingacorresponding recess in one side of the portion 13, which recessreceives a similar offset on another section, as shown in Fig. 5, sothat two of the sections a form what may be called an arch, constitutingportions of two sides and of the top of the main body of theheater. Thewing port-ion 15 of each section has its sides inclined, so that whenthe sections are assembled tapering flues 16, Fig. 6, are formed betweenthe adjacent sides of the wings 15, each iiue being widest at its lowerend and gradually contracted to its upper end, the inclination of thesides of the wings being such that the upper end of each inclined sideoverhangs the lower end and is subjected to the direct action of heatradiated from the irein the fire-pit b. Ve prefer to make each wing 15with a series of lenlargements 15', which are of tapering form and maybe called inverted conical enlargements, since their larger ends are atthe top and their diameter decreases gradually toward their lower ends.The said enlargements are preferably separated by partitions 17, Figs.2, 8, and 9, said partitions terminating short of the upper and lowerends of the Wings, so that the upper and lower ends of the enlargements15 communicate with each other, as shown in Fig. 2. Each wingcommunicates with the lower part of the vertical portion 12 through anopening 23 and the upper part of said portion through an opening 29,Fig. 2. Water entering the lower end of the portion 12 from thereturnpipe a2 through the hollow wall c of the base or ash-pit and aconnecting-pipe d enters the wing 15 .through the opening 28 and passesupwardly through the Wing to the upper end thereof and then passes outthrough the opening 29, and from thence through the portion 13 and ashort pipe f to a horizontal header e, which is connected with theHow-pipes a. The water passing through the win g 15 is subjected to theheat radiated upon the inclined sid es of said wing, and owing to thedescribed arrangement of said sides relatively to the fire the heat fromthe fire is utilized to a much greater degree than would be the case ifthe sides of the win gs were vertical, as will be readily seen. Theupper portion of each wing 15 is provided with a paralled-sided head'orenlargement 18, which is of the same width as the portions 12 and 13,andisprovided in its edges with semicircular recesses 19, said recessescoinciding with thelike recesses in the adjoining sections in formingcontracted outlets 19 for the gases and products of combustion at theupper ends of the lines 16 between the sections. The gases and productsof combustion passing upwardly between the sections and through theoutlets 19 enter the space between the heads 18 and the top portions 13of the sections and pass from said space through the smoke pipe or flue20. We prefer to make the outlets 19 of such size that their collectivearea will be about equal to that of the smoke pipe or flue 20, thisarrangement preventing excessive draft in any of the ues 16- andequalizing the draft in all the flues.

The ash-pit or base of the heater is composed of the side walls c c andthe end walls or plates c. The side walls c are provided withwater-chambers c2 and are recessed at their upper ends and at c3, sothat the upper edges of the walls are offset inwardly from the plane ofthe sides or lower portions of the walls, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and7. The object of the recesses c3 is to afford room for the pipes d,which connect the water-spaces c2 with the lower ends of the portions 12of the heating-sections. The return-pipes a2 from the radiators enterthe water-spaces c2, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the water passes to theheating-sections through the waterspaces c2 and connecting-pipes d.

It will be seen that the ash-pit section or base, constructed asdescribed and provided with the water-chambers ciand the recesses c3 inits sides, not only affords suitable support for the heating-sections,but also enables the connection between said heating-sections and thereturn-pipes to be conveniently made by means of the shortconnecting-pipes d, which pipes, being located within the recesses c3,are outof the way and can be read'ilyreached and manipulated.

ff represent sections of pipe to equalize the flow of water between thetwo sides of the heaters formed by the half-sections and maintain auniform level. The said pipes ff are attached at their ends to the sidewalls c c and serve to support the same laterally.

It will be seen that the described form of IOS IIO

the heating-sections, each having its outer and top portions made ofuniform width, the top portions being recessed, as described, at theirends, enables all the sections to be made of the same form, so that onepattern answers for all the sections, this form enabling the sections tobe assembled in the manner shown to form a continuous structure, whichrequires for its completion only the addition of the end plates c2 c2and the base or ash-pit section.

XVe do not limit ourselves to the described form of the sections, andmay variously modify the same. In Fig. we show a construction similar tothat in Fig. 7 in all respects, eX- cepting that the enlargements areseparated, except at their upper and lower ends, by openings 22, theupper and lower ends of the enlargements being connected,as alreadydescribed. In Fig. 11 the wing is composed of a continuous wedge-shapedsection instead of being provided with alternating enlargements andnarrower portions, the wat-er entering the lower portion of the wedgeand passing out through the upper, as in the constructions alreadydescribed. In Fig. 12 we show a series of conical receptacles 24,entirely disconnected at their lower ends and connected at their upperends by ahead or enlargement similar to the head 1S, the latter beingconnected to the vertical portion I2. In Fig. 13 we show a modificationin which the portions 13 and 14 are omitted, the water passing from thewing through a vertical pipe to the head e or elsewhere.

IVe claim- 1. In a hot-water or steam heating apparatus, thecombination, with a fire-box, of a series of heating-sectionsoverhanging the iirebox and comprising heads, such as 18, collectivelyforming a substantially horizontal partition or septum above thetire-box, tapering receptacles depending from said heads and havinginclined heat-absorbin g surfaces separated by tapering fines whichgradually decrease in width from their lower to their upper ends, saidheads having recesses, such as 19, which when the sections are assembledform contracted outlets from the tapering ues through the said partitionor septum, as set forth.

2. In a hot-water or steam heating apparatus, the combination, with afire-box, of a series of heating-sections, each comprising a sideportion, such as 12, a top portion, such as 13, and a wing including ahead 18, eX-

' tending inwardly from said side portion, and

tapering receptacles depending from the head, the said side and topportions forming the sides and top of the heater, while the heads form asubstantially horizontal partition below the top, said heads beingprovided with outlet-openings connecting said space with the taperingdues between the tapering receptacles, as set forth. l

3. A hot-water or steam heater comprising two rows of sections, each rowconstituting one-half of the iire-boX-inclosing structure, each sectioncomprising a side portion, such as 12, a top portion, such as 13, and awing portion having a head projecting inwardly from -the side portionand tapering receptacles depending from said head, the side and topportions of each row forming one side and i a part of the top of thestructure, while the wings of each row meet the wings of the other rowover the center of the fire-box, the heads of the two rows forming ahorizontal partition below the top of the structure, said partitionhaving outlet-openings for the iiues between the tapering receptacles,as set forth.

4C. A hot-water or steam heater comprising two rows of sections, eachrow constituting one-half of the fire-box-inclosing structure, eachsection comprising a side portion, such as 12, a top portion, such as13, recessed atits end, and a wing portion projecting inwardly from theside portion, the recess in the end of each top portion receiving thecorrespond` ing end of the opposite top portion, combined with a headeror receptacle located over the meeting ends of the top portions andconnected with said portions by tubes, said header being connected withthe distributingpipes, as set forth.

5. In a hot-water or steam heating apparatus, the base or ash-pitsection having hollow walls, the outer sides of which are recessed tooffset the upper edges of said walls, combined with heatin g-sectionssupported by said walls and connected with the latter by short pipeslocated in the recesses of the walls, as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 15th day of April, A. D.1892.

JOHN N. GATES.

EUGENE N. GATES.

Witnesses:

D. O. JUDD, ORPHIR E. GENEsT.

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